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1 гравировальный валок
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2 гравировальный валок
Polymers: engraved bowlУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > гравировальный валок
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3 Schreiner Finish
A special finish used largely in the finishing of black cotton sateens, Italians, etc. It is obtained by means of a machine similar to but heavier than a calender. A steel bowl is engraved with fine diagonal lines varying from about 150 to 350 per inch, depending upon the finish required. Two bowls are used, the top engraved steel and the bottom compressed cotton. Great pressure is applied to the bowls in order to emboss the fabric with the fine lines. As a rule the fabrics for Schreinering are mercerised beforehand. The lustre on the finished cloth is greatly enhanced by Schreinering. The best lustre is obtained when the engraved lines on the bowl run as nearly as possible parallel with the individual fibres in the yarn. The Schreiner effect is not permanent, it is removed by washing. -
4 Bell, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]fl. 1770–1785 Scotland[br]Scottish inventor of a calico printing machine with the design engraved on rollers.[br]In November 1770, John Mackenzie, owner of a bleaching mill, took his millwright Thomas Bell to Glasgow to consult with James Watt about problems they were having with the calico printing machine invented by Bell some years previously. Bell rolled sheets of copper one eighth of an inch (3 mm) thick into cyliders, and filled them with cement which was held in place by cast iron ends. After being turned true and polished, the cylinders were engraved; they cost about £10 each. The printing machines were driven by a water-wheel, but Bell and Mackenzie appeared to have had problems with the doctor blades which scraped off excess colour, and this may have been why they visited Watt.They had, presumably, solved the technical problems when Bell took out a patent in 1783 which describes him as "the Elder", but there are no further details about the man himself. The machine is described as having six printing rollers arranged around the top of the circumference of a large central bowl. In later machines, the printing rollers were placed all round a smaller cylinder. All of the printing rollers, each printing a different colour, were driven by gearing to keep them in register. The patent includes steel doctor blades which would have scraped excess colour off the printing rollers. Another patent, taken out in 1784, shows a smaller three-colour machine. The printing rollers had an iron core covered with copper, which could be taken off at pleasure so that fresh patterns could be cut as desired. Bell's machine was used at Masney, near Preston, England, by Messrs Livesey, Hargreaves, Hall \& Co in 1786. Although copper cylinders were difficult to make and engrave, and the soldered seams often burst, these machines were able to increase the output of the cheaper types of printed cloth.[br]Bibliography1783, patent no. 1,378 (calico printing machine with engraved copper rollers). 1784, patent no. 1,443 (three-colour calico printing machine).Further ReadingW.E.A.Axon, 1886, Annals of Manchester, Manchester (provides an account of the invention).R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester (provides a brief description of the development of calico printing).RLH -
5 wbi|ć
pf — wbi|jać impf Ⅰ vt 1. (zagłębić) to stick in [igłę]; to sink, to ram [słup]; to dig in [paznokcie]- wbiłem sobie drzazgę w palec I got a splinter in my finger- wbić gwóźdź młotkiem to hammer a. drive in a nail- wbić łopatę w ziemię to dig a spade into the ground- wbić komuś nóż w plecy to stick a. plunge a knife into sb’s back, to stab sb in the back przen.- wbić pieczątkę/wizę do paszportu pot. to stamp a passport/to stamp a visa in a passport a. a passport with a visa- scena pościgu (aż) wbiła mnie w fotel pot. the chase scene had me on the edge of my seat2. Sport to score [gola, bramkę]- wbić kosza to score a. make a basket3. (nałożyć) to stick- wbić mięso na ruszt to skewer the meat- wbiłem buty I stepped a. got into my shoes- wbić czapkę głęboko na uszy to pull a cap right down over one’s ears- wbijać obręcz na beczkę to put a hoop on a barrel4. pot. (zjeść łapczywie) to wolf (down), to gobble (up) [potrawę, obiad]- wbił cały talerz makaronu he wolfed down a. scarfed down US pot. a plateful of pastaⅡ wbić się — wbijać się 1. [gwóźdź, nóż] to stick (in)- gwóźdź wbił mi się w stopę the nail stuck in my foot- cierń wbił mi się w skórę a thorn dug a. bit into my skin- drzazga wbiła mi się w palec I got a. I have a splinter in my finger- strzała wbiła się w sam środek tarczy the arrow sank into the centre of the target- dziób statku wbił się w lód the ship’s bow (got) stuck in the ice2. pot. wbić się w coś to squeeze a. climb into sth [ubranie]- z trudem wbiła się w sukienkę she (only) just squeezed a. got into her dress■ wbić jajko do miseczki to crack a. break an egg into a bowl- wbić kogoś w dumę/pychę to make sb feel very proud/conceited, to make sb swell with pride/conceit- wbić sobie coś do głowy a. w głowę pot. (uznać coś za pewne) to get sth into one’s head; (z trudem się czegoś nauczyć) to get a. beat sth into one’s head [wiadomości, daty, wzory]- wbił sobie do głowy, że jego żona ma romans he got a. took it into his head that his wife was having an affair- wbij to sobie do głowy a. łba pot. raz na zawsze get that into your head a. thick skull pot. once and for all- jak sobie wbije coś do głowy, to nikogo nie słucha once he gets an idea a. a notion into his head, he refuses to listen to anyone- nauczyciel wbijał im do głowy bezużyteczne informacje the teacher drummed a. pumped useless information into their heads- wbić się w pamięć to engrave a. imprint itself in one’s memory, to stick in one’s memory a. mind- jej twarz wbiła mi się w pamięć her face was engraved on a. etched in my memoryThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > wbi|ć
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6 jicara
Clark: 1900s. Usually a vase or bowl, but Watts notes that it can also refer to tightly woven containers made and used by Apache Indians. Carlisle defines it as "a drinking cup made by cutting a gourd in half." Santamaría defines jícara as the fruit of the jícaro or calabash tree. It is a hard, solid fruit whose flesh and seeds are similar to those of a squash. He also notes that the term is also applied to a wide-mouthed hemispherical vessel made from the jícara fruit. It is generally painted with many colors, polished and engraved, and often blackened with smoke. By extension, the term is also used in Mexico to refer to any vessel primarily used for drinking hot chocolate. The DRAE concurs and adds that in Spain jícara often refers to an earthenware vessel used for drinking hot chocolate. Cobos glosses it as a chocolate mug or a cup made from cutting a gourd shell in half. -
7 Embossing
The process of printing a pattern on fabrics by pressure by means of engraved rollers on a two-bowl calender.
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